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I.T.E.S.M. |
| Program Director: |
Professor D.J. Bava |
Organizational Conflict
Go to the Basics
Respect
Values
Ethics
Winning with Integrity
Respect
Values
Ethics
Decisions based on facts
Be informed
The Customer Defines Quality
Organizational Conflict
We are a Meritocracy
We accept Ambiguity
Performance plans
Performance reviews
PIP's
Talent Direct
360 Feedback
HR Policies
Finance Policies
Organizational Power
INFLUENCING
The process of affecting others´ attitudes and behavior in order to achieve an objective
POWER
The leader´s potential influence over followers
Sources of Power
Position Power It is derived from top management, and delegated down the chain of command. A person who is in a management position has more potential power than an employee who is not a manager. Power should be viewed in a positive sense. Without power, managers could not achieve organizational objectives. Managers rely on position power to get the job done.
Personal Power It is derived from the follower based on the leader´s behavior. Followers must consent to the governing influence of managers for the organization to be succesful. Unions are oftern the result of follower dissatisfaction with management behavior and the desire to balance power. Followers is units or departments also have personal power to influence their manager´s evaluation. Friendship also gives personal power.
Types of Power and Influencing Tactics
LEGITIMATE POWER
Legitimization
The positions have formal authority from the organization. Without this authority managers could not influence followers in the same way.The use of legitimate power is appropriate when asking people to do something that is within the scope of their job.
Consulation
It is when you seek others´ input about achieving an objective and are open to developing a plan together to achieve the objective
Rational Persuasion
It includes logical arguments with factual evidence to persuade others to implement your recomended action
Ingratiation
It is helpful to persuade others when they are in good mood. It may be used by being friendly and praising others before you ask them for what you want.
REWARD POWER
It is based on the users´ ability to influence the others with something of value for them. Reward power affects performance expectations and achievement. In management positions, reinforcement to influence behavior are initiatives like praise, recognition, special assingnments, pay raises, bonuses, and promotions. An important part of the reward power is having control over resources, such as allocating expense and budget funds. The exchange influence tactic is commonly used in this type of power.
COERCIVE POWER
The use of this type of power involves punishment and withholding of rewards to influence compliance also called pressure tactic. Coercive power is appropriate to use in mantaining discipline and enforcing rules. When employees are not willing to do as requested, coercive power may be the only way to gain compliance. Coercion is effective when applied to a small percentage of followers under conditions considered legitimate by most of them. Employees tend to resent managers´ use of coercive power, it should be used only as a last resort.
REFERENT POWER
It is based on the user´s personal relationship with others. Personal appeal influence tactic is about loyalty and friendship. The personal feelings of liking or the desire to be liked by the leaders also gives referent power. Today´s leaders are relaying more in this type of power. Inspirational appeals tactic is where the laeder appeals to the follower´s values, ideas, and aspirations to motivate the follower´s emotions and enthusiasm.
EXPERT POWER
It is based on the user´s skills and knowledge. Being an expert makes other people dependent on you. Rational persuation is the tactic used.
INFORMATION POWER
It involves access to vital information and control over its distribution to others. Managers often have access to information that is not available to peers and subordinates. Managers also rely on employees for information, so followers sometimes have the opportunity to disort information that influences management decisions.
CONNECTION POWER
It is based on the user´s relationship with influential people. Connection power is also a form of politics.
Organizational Politics
Corporate Goals
Cascade objectives/goals
Coordinate/integrate efforts
Insist on Leadership
Achieve corporate goals
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